.gitignore

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 .build
+build
 .vscode
 .DS_Store
 compile_commands.json
+ide-swift-toolchain.txt
 .cache

Kernel/.clangd

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+CompileFlags:
+  CompilationDatabase: ../.build/temp/Kernel

Kernel/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,150 +1,45 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)
 project(ksOSKernel LANGUAGES ASM C)
-set(KERNEL_MODULE_NAME "Kernel")
+set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON)
 
-# --- Locate Swift toolchain with Embedded Swift stdlib ---
+file(GLOB_RECURSE KERNEL_SOURCES CMAKE_CONFIGURE_DEPENDS 
-# Priority: cmake var > env var > auto-detect
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/Source/KernelMain.c
-if(NOT SWIFT_TOOLCHAIN AND DEFINED ENV{SWIFT_TOOLCHAIN})
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/Source/Arch/entry.S
-    set(SWIFT_TOOLCHAIN "$ENV{SWIFT_TOOLCHAIN}")
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/Source/Arch/vectors.S
-endif()
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/Source/**/*.c
+)
 
-if(SWIFT_TOOLCHAIN)
+add_executable(Kernel ${KERNEL_SOURCES})
-    set(SWIFTC             "${SWIFT_TOOLCHAIN}/usr/bin/swiftc")
+target_include_directories(Kernel PRIVATE 
-    set(SWIFT_RESOURCE_DIR "${SWIFT_TOOLCHAIN}/usr/lib/swift")
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/Include/
-elseif(CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Darwin")
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../Common
-    # Scan for a swift.org toolchain that ships the embedded stdlib.
+)
-    # APPLE is false here (target is Generic), so we check the HOST OS.
-    file(GLOB _tc_candidates
-        "$ENV{HOME}/Library/Developer/Toolchains/*.xctoolchain"
-        "/Library/Developer/Toolchains/*.xctoolchain"
-    )
-    foreach(_tc ${_tc_candidates})
-        if(EXISTS "${_tc}/usr/lib/swift/embedded")
-            set(SWIFTC             "${_tc}/usr/bin/swiftc")
-            set(SWIFT_RESOURCE_DIR "${_tc}/usr/lib/swift")
-            break()
-        endif()
-    endforeach()
-else()
-    # Linux: find swiftc in PATH
-    find_program(_SWIFTC_EXE swiftc)
-    if(_SWIFTC_EXE)
-        get_filename_component(_SWIFTC_BIN "${_SWIFTC_EXE}" DIRECTORY)
-        get_filename_component(_SWIFTC_USR "${_SWIFTC_BIN}" DIRECTORY)
-        
-        if(EXISTS "${_SWIFTC_USR}/lib/swift/embedded")
-            set(SWIFTC             "${_SWIFTC_EXE}")
-            set(SWIFT_RESOURCE_DIR "${_SWIFTC_USR}/lib/swift")
-        elseif(EXISTS "${_SWIFTC_USR}/lib/swift/lib/swift/embedded")
-            set(SWIFTC             "${_SWIFTC_EXE}")
-            set(SWIFT_RESOURCE_DIR "${_SWIFTC_USR}/lib/swift/lib/swift")
-        endif()
-    endif()
-endif()
 
-if(NOT SWIFTC OR NOT EXISTS "${SWIFT_RESOURCE_DIR}/embedded")
+target_compile_options(Kernel PRIVATE 
-    message(FATAL_ERROR
+    $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:
-        "Swift toolchain with Embedded Swift not found.\n"
+        -ffreestanding
-        "Install a swift.org toolchain and pass -DSWIFT_TOOLCHAIN=<root> "
+        -fno-stack-protector
-        "or set the SWIFT_TOOLCHAIN env var.")
+        -fno-builtin
-endif()
+        -Wall -Wextra
+        -g
+        -mgeneral-regs-only
+    >
+)
 
-message(STATUS "Swift: ${SWIFTC}")
+target_link_options(Kernel PRIVATE 
-message(STATUS "Swift resource dir: ${SWIFT_RESOURCE_DIR}")
-
-# --- Build ---
-add_compile_options(-ffreestanding -nostdlib -O0 -g)
-
-set(LINKER_SCRIPT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/linker.ld)
-add_link_options(
-    -fuse-ld=lld
     -nostdlib
     -static
-    -Wl,-T,${LINKER_SCRIPT}
+    -no-pie
+    -T "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/linker.ld"
+    -z max-page-size=0x1000
 )
 
-set(SWIFT_SOURCES 
+set_target_properties(Kernel PROPERTIES
-    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/Source/kernel.swift
+    OUTPUT_NAME "Kernel.elf"
-    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/Source/Arch/dtb.swift
+    RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}"
-    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/Source/IO/uart.swift
-)
-set(SWIFT_OBJ     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/kernel_swift.o)
-
-add_custom_command(
-    OUTPUT ${SWIFT_OBJ}
-    COMMAND ${SWIFTC}
-        -target aarch64-none-none-elf
-        -enable-experimental-feature Embedded
-        -parse-as-library
-        -wmo
-        -O
-        -Xcc -fno-stack-protector
-        -Xcc -I${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../Common
-        -import-bridging-header ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/Source/Support/BridgingHeader.h
-        -resource-dir ${SWIFT_RESOURCE_DIR}
-        -c ${SWIFT_SOURCES}
-        -o ${SWIFT_OBJ}
-    COMMAND ${LLVM_OBJCOPY} --remove-section=.swift_modhash ${SWIFT_OBJ}
-    DEPENDS ${SWIFT_SOURCES}
-    COMMENT "Compiling Swift kernel"
 )
 
-set_source_files_properties(${SWIFT_OBJ} PROPERTIES
+add_custom_command(TARGET Kernel POST_BUILD
-    EXTERNAL_OBJECT TRUE
+    COMMAND ${LLVM_OBJCOPY} -O binary ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/Kernel.elf ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/Kernel.bin
-    GENERATED TRUE
+    COMMENT "Generating ksOSKernel.bin from Kernel.elf"
-)
-
-add_executable(kernel.elf Source/Arch/entry.S Source/Support/stubs.c ${SWIFT_OBJ})
-
-add_custom_command(TARGET kernel.elf POST_BUILD
-    COMMAND ${LLVM_OBJCOPY} -O binary kernel.elf kernel.bin
-)
-
-# --- SourceKit-LSP: generate compile_commands.json for Swift (Dynamic) ---
-set(_BRIDGING_HEADER "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/Source/Support/BridgingHeader.h")
-
-set(SWIFT_ARGS 
-    "\"${SWIFTC}\""
-    "\"-target\"" "\"aarch64-none-none-elf\""
-    "\"-enable-experimental-feature\"" "\"Embedded\""
-    "\"-module-name\"" "\"${KERNEL_MODULE_NAME}\""
-    "\"-parse-as-library\""
-    "\"-import-bridging-header\"" "\"${_BRIDGING_HEADER}\""
-    "\"-Xcc\"" "\"-I${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../Common\""
-    "\"-resource-dir\"" "\"${SWIFT_RESOURCE_DIR}\""
-)
-foreach(_src IN LISTS SWIFT_SOURCES)
-    list(APPEND SWIFT_ARGS "\"${_src}\"")
-endforeach()
-
-string(JOIN ", " SWIFT_ARGS_JSON ${SWIFT_ARGS})
-
-set(COMPDB_ENTRIES "")
-list(LENGTH SWIFT_SOURCES _src_count)
-math(EXPR _last_idx "${_src_count} - 1")
-set(_idx 0)
-
-foreach(_src IN LISTS SWIFT_SOURCES)
-    set(_entry "  {\n    \"file\": \"${_src}\",\n    \"directory\": \"${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}\",\n    \"arguments\": [${SWIFT_ARGS_JSON}]\n  }")
-    
-    if(_idx LESS _last_idx)
-        string(APPEND _entry ",\n")
-    else()
-        string(APPEND _entry "\n")
-    endif()
-    
-    string(APPEND COMPDB_ENTRIES "${_entry}")
-    math(EXPR _idx "${_idx} + 1")
-endforeach()
-
-if(DEFINED ENV{TEMP_DIR})
-    set(COMPDB_OUTPUT_DIR "$ENV{TEMP_DIR}/Kernel")
-elseif(DEFINED ENV{BUILD_DIR})
-    set(COMPDB_OUTPUT_DIR "$ENV{BUILD_DIR}/temp/Kernel")
-else()
-    set(COMPDB_OUTPUT_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}")
-endif()
-
-file(GENERATE OUTPUT "${COMPDB_OUTPUT_DIR}/compile_commands.json"
-    CONTENT "[\n${COMPDB_ENTRIES}]\n"
 )

Kernel/Include/Arch/CPU.h

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <types.h>
+
+static inline void CPUYield() {
+    __asm__ volatile ("yield" ::: "memory");
+}
+
+static inline void CPUWaitForInterrupt() {
+    __asm__ volatile ("wfi" ::: "memory");
+}
+
+static inline void CPUDisableInterrupts() {
+    __asm__ volatile ("msr daifset, #3" ::: "memory");
+}
+
+static inline void CPUEnableInterrupts() {
+    __asm__ volatile ("msr daifclr, #3" ::: "memory");
+}
+
+static inline UInt64 CPUGetFAR() {
+    UInt64 far;
+    __asm__ volatile ("mrs %0, far_el1" : "=r" (far));
+    return far;
+}

Kernel/Include/Arch/Exceptions.h

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <types.h>
+
+typedef struct ExceptionsContext {
+    UInt64 x0;
+    UInt64 x1;
+    UInt64 x2;
+    UInt64 x3;
+    UInt64 x4;
+    UInt64 x5;
+    UInt64 x6;
+    UInt64 x7;
+    UInt64 x8;
+    UInt64 x9;
+    UInt64 x10;
+    UInt64 x11;
+    UInt64 x12;
+    UInt64 x13;
+    UInt64 x14;
+    UInt64 x15;
+    UInt64 x16;
+    UInt64 x17;
+    UInt64 x18;
+    UInt64 x19;
+    UInt64 x20;
+    UInt64 x21;
+    UInt64 x22;
+    UInt64 x23;
+    UInt64 x24;
+    UInt64 x25;
+    UInt64 x26;
+    UInt64 x27;
+    UInt64 x28;
+    UInt64 x29; // fp
+    UInt64 x30; // lr
+    UInt64 elr_el1; // pc
+    UInt64 spsr_el1; // cpu status
+    UInt64 esr_el1; // error reason
+} ExceptionsContext;
+
+typedef enum ExceptionsType {
+    // curr el with sp0 (EL1t)
+    // usually dont happen cuz we switch to sp_el1, but just in case
+    ExceptionsSyncEl1t,
+    ExceptionsIRQEl1t,
+    ExceptionsFIQEl1t,
+    ExceptionsSErrorEl1t,
+
+    // curr el with sp1 (EL1h)
+    // exception in kernel space
+    ExceptionsSyncEl1h,
+    ExceptionsIRQEl1h,
+    ExceptionsFIQEl1h,
+    ExceptionsSErrorEl1h,
+
+    // lower EL 64-bit from userspace
+    ExceptionsSyncEl064,
+    ExceptionsIRQEl064,
+    ExceptionsFIQEl064,
+    ExceptionsSErrorEl064,
+
+    // lower EL 32-bit from userspace
+    ExceptionsSyncEl032,
+    ExceptionsIRQEl032,
+    ExceptionsFIQEl032,
+    ExceptionsSErrorEl032,
+} ExceptionsType;

Kernel/Include/Arch/IO.h

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <types.h>
+
+static inline void IOAddressWrite32(Address address, UInt32 value) {
+    __asm__ volatile ("dsb sy" ::: "memory"); // wait till all previous writes are finished physically
+    *(volatile UInt32*)address = value;
+    __asm__ volatile ("dsb sy" ::: "memory"); // wait till my write is finished physically
+}
+
+static inline UInt32 IOAddressRead32(Address address) {
+    UInt32 value = *(volatile UInt32*)address;
+    __asm__ volatile ("dsb ld" ::: "memory"); // wait till my read is finished physically
+    return value;
+}

Kernel/Include/IO/Serial.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <types.h>
+
+enum {
+    kUARTBaseAddress = 0x09000000, // TODO: make it dynamic by parsing DTB
+};
+
+Int32 IOSerialPutCharacter(ASCII character);
+Int32 IOSerialPutString(const ASCII* string);

Kernel/Include/Lib/String.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <types.h>
+#include <Lib/VAArgs.h>
+
+void* StringSet(BytePointer destination, ASCII value, Size count);
+void* MemoryCopy(void* destination, const void* source, Size count);
+
+Int32 StringCompare(const ASCII* firstString, const ASCII* secondString);
+Int32 StringCompareWithLimit(const ASCII* firstString, const ASCII* secondString, Size limit);
+
+ASCII* StringCopy(ASCII* destination, const ASCII* source);
+ASCII* StringCopyWithLimit(ASCII* destination, const ASCII* source, Size limit);
+
+Size StringGetLength(const ASCII* string);
+const ASCII* StringFindLastOccurrenceOfCharacter(const ASCII* string, ASCII separator);
+
+Int32 StringFormatVariadic(ASCII* string, Size size, const ASCII* format, va_list args);
+Int32 StringFormat(ASCII* destination, UInt64 size, const ASCII* format, ...);

Kernel/Include/Lib/VAArgs.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+typedef __builtin_va_list va_list;
+
+#define va_start(v, l) __builtin_va_start(v, l)
+#define va_end(v)      __builtin_va_end(v)
+#define va_arg(v, l)   __builtin_va_arg(v, l)
+#define va_copy(d, s)  __builtin_va_copy(d, s)

Kernel/Include/OS/Log.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <types.h>
+
+enum {
+    kOSLogBufferSize = 1024,
+};
+
+void OSLog(const ASCII* format, ...);

Kernel/Include/OS/Panic.h

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <types.h>
+#include <Arch/Exceptions.h>
+
+__attribute__((noreturn)) void OSPanicException(ExceptionsContext* frame);

Kernel/Include/types.h

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright (c) 2026 0xKarinyash
+
+#pragma once
+
+typedef unsigned char      UInt8;
+typedef unsigned short     UInt16;
+typedef unsigned int       UInt32;
+typedef unsigned long long UInt64; 
+typedef unsigned long long UInt;
+
+typedef UInt Address;
+typedef UInt8* BytePointer;
+typedef UInt8* MemoryPointer;
+
+typedef signed char        Int8;
+typedef signed short       Int16;
+typedef signed int         Int32;
+typedef signed long long   Int64;
+typedef int Int;
+
+typedef UInt64 Size;
+typedef char ASCII;
+
+typedef _Bool Boolean;

Kernel/Source/Arch/Exceptions.c

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include <Arch/Exceptions.h>
+#include <Arch/CPU.h>
+#include <IO/Serial.h>
+#include <OS/Panic.h>
+
+void ExceptionsHandler(ExceptionsContext* frame, ExceptionsType type) {
+    OSPanicException(frame);
+}

Kernel/Source/Arch/dtb.swift

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-struct FDTHeader {
-    let magic: UInt32            // 0xd00dfeed
-    let totalsize: UInt32
-    let off_dt_struct: UInt32
-    let off_dt_strings: UInt32
-    let off_mem_rsvmap: UInt32
-    let version: UInt32
-    let last_comp_version: UInt32
-    let boot_cpuid_phys: UInt32
-    let size_dt_strings: UInt32
-    let size_dt_struct: UInt32
-}
-
-struct FDTProperty {
-    let len: UInt32
-    let nameoff: UInt32
-}
-
-enum FDTToken: UInt32 {
-    case beginNode = 0x1
-    case endNode   = 0x2
-    case prop      = 0x3
-    case nop       = 0x4
-    case end       = 0x9
-}
-
-extension UInt32 {
-    var fromBe: UInt32 {
-        return self.byteSwapped
-    }
-}
-
-func alignUp(_ value: Int, to: Int) -> Int {
-    return (value + to - 1) & ~(to - 1)
-}
-
-let kFDTHeaderMagic = 0xd00dfeed
-
-func parseDTB(at pointer: UnsafeRawPointer) {
-    let header = pointer.bindMemory(to: FDTHeader.self, capacity: 1).pointee
-    guard header.magic.byteSwapped == kFDTHeaderMagic else {
-        return
-    }
-
-    let structOffset = Int(header.off_dt_struct.byteSwapped)
-    let stringOffset = Int(header.off_dt_strings.byteSwapped)
-
-    var structBase = pointer.advanced(by: structOffset)
-    let stringsBase = pointer.advanced(by: stringOffset)
-
-    var finished = false
-    while !finished {
-        let rawToken = structBase.load(as: UInt32.self).byteSwapped
-        structBase = structBase.advanced(by: 4)
-
-        if let token = FDTToken(rawValue: rawToken) {
-            switch token {
-                case .beginNode:
-                    let namePointer = structBase.assumingMemoryBound(to: UInt8.self)
-                    let name = String(cString: namePointer)
-                    let nameLength = name.utf8.count + 1
-                    structBase = structBase.advanced(by: alignUp(nameLength, to: 4))
-                case .prop:
-                    let propertyHeader = structBase.load(as: FDTProperty.self)
-                    let dataLength = Int(propertyHeader.len.byteSwapped)
-                    let nameOffset = Int(propertyHeader.nameoff.byteSwapped)
-
-                    let namePointer = stringsBase.advanced(by: nameOffset).assumingMemoryBound(to: UInt8.self)
-
-                    structBase = structBase.advanced(by: 8) // skip header
-                    structBase = structBase.advanced(by: alignUp(dataLength, to: 4)) // skip data for now
-                case .endNode:
-                    continue
-                case .nop:
-                    continue
-                case .end:
-                    finished = true
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

Kernel/Source/Arch/entry.S

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 .section .text.boot, "ax"
 .global _start
-
 _start:
-    bl kmain
+    bl ExceptionsVectorsInit
-.hang:
+    bl KernelMain
-    b .hang
+    b .

Kernel/Source/Arch/vectors.S

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+.macro ventry type
+    .align 7
+    sub sp, sp, #272 // save 272 bytes of stack
+    stp x0, x1, [sp, #0] // move stack 
+    mov x1, #\type // move type to x1
+    b ExceptionsTrapEntry
+.endm
+
+.section .text.vectors
+.align 11
+.global vectors
+ExceptionsVectorsTable:
+    // EL1t (curr EL with SP0)
+    ventry 0 // Sync
+    ventry 1 // IRQ
+    ventry 2 // FIQ
+    ventry 3 // SError
+
+    // EL1h (curr EL with SP1)
+    ventry 4 // Sync
+    ventry 5 // IRQ
+    ventry 6 // FIQ
+    ventry 7 // SError
+
+    // EL0 (lower EL 64-bit from userspace)
+    ventry 8 // Sync
+    ventry 9 // IRQ
+    ventry 10 // FIQ
+    ventry 11 // SError
+
+    // EL0 (lower EL 32-bit from userspace)
+    ventry 12; ventry 13; ventry 14; ventry 15
+
+ExceptionsTrapEntry:
+    stp x2, x3, [sp, #16 * 1]
+    stp x4, x5, [sp, #16 * 2]
+    stp x6, x7, [sp, #16 * 3]
+    stp x8, x9, [sp, #16 * 4]
+    stp x10, x11, [sp, #16 * 5]
+    stp x12, x13, [sp, #16 * 6]
+    stp x14, x15, [sp, #16 * 7]
+    stp x16, x17, [sp, #16 * 8]
+    stp x18, x19, [sp, #16 * 9]
+    stp x20, x21, [sp, #16 * 10]
+    stp x22, x23, [sp, #16 * 11]
+    stp x24, x25, [sp, #16 * 12]
+    stp x26, x27, [sp, #16 * 13]
+    stp x28, x29, [sp, #16 * 14]
+
+    mrs x21, elr_el1
+    mrs x22, spsr_el1
+    mrs x23, esr_el1
+
+    stp x30, x21, [sp, #16 * 15]
+    stp x22, x23, [sp, #16 * 16]
+
+    mov x0, sp
+    bl ExceptionsHandler
+
+    ldp x22, x23, [sp, #16 * 16]
+    msr spsr_el1, x22
+
+    ldp x30, x21, [sp, #16 * 15]
+    msr elr_el1, x21
+
+    ldp x28, x29, [sp, #16 * 14]
+    ldp x26, x27, [sp, #16 * 13]
+    ldp x24, x25, [sp, #16 * 12]
+    ldp x22, x23, [sp, #16 * 11]
+    ldp x20, x21, [sp, #16 * 10]
+    ldp x18, x19, [sp, #16 * 9]
+    ldp x16, x17, [sp, #16 * 8]
+    ldp x14, x15, [sp, #16 * 7]
+    ldp x12, x13, [sp, #16 * 6]
+    ldp x10, x11, [sp, #16 * 5]
+    ldp x8, x9, [sp, #16 * 4]
+    ldp x6, x7, [sp, #16 * 3]
+    ldp x4, x5, [sp, #16 * 2]
+    ldp x2, x3, [sp, #16 * 1]
+    ldp x0, x1, [sp, #0]
+
+    add sp, sp, #272
+    eret
+
+.global ExceptionsVectorsInit
+ExceptionsVectorsInit:
+    adr x0, ExceptionsVectorsTable
+    msr vbar_el1, x0
+    isb
+    ret

Kernel/Source/IO/Serial.c

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include <IO/Serial.h>
+#include <Arch/IO.h>
+#include <Arch/CPU.h>
+
+Int32 IOSerialPutCharacter(ASCII character) {
+    // TXFF -- TRansmit FIFO Full for PL011 is 5 bit of FR reg (0x18)
+    UInt64 uartFR = kUARTBaseAddress + 0x18;
+
+    while ((IOAddressRead32(uartFR) & (1 << 5)) != 0)  {
+        CPUYield();
+    }
+
+    IOAddressWrite32(kUARTBaseAddress, character);
+    return character;
+}
+
+Int32 IOSerialPutString(const ASCII* string) {
+    Int i = 0;
+    while (string[i] != '\0') {
+        IOSerialPutCharacter(string[i]);
+        i++;
+    }
+
+    return i;
+}

Kernel/Source/IO/uart.swift

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-let kUARTBaseAddress: UInt = 0x09000000 // TODO: Make it dynamic by parsion DTB
-
-@_cdecl("putchar")
-@discardableResult
-public func _serialPutchar(_ char: Int32) -> Int32 {
-    let uartFR: UInt = kUARTBaseAddress + 0x18// TXFF -- TRansmit FIFO Full for PL011 is 5 bit of FR reg (0x18)
-
-    while (mmio_read32(uartFR) & (1 << 5)) != 0 {
-        // i love pizza btw
-    }
-    
-    mmio_write32(UInt(kUARTBaseAddress), UInt32(char))
-    return char
-}
-
-public func kprint(_ message: StaticString) {
-    for i in 0..<message.utf8CodeUnitCount {
-        _serialPutchar(Int32(message.utf8Start[i]))
-    }
-}

Kernel/Source/KernelMain.c

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#include <OS/Log.h>
+
+void KernelMain(void) {
+    OSLog("Hi meow! ;3\n");
+}

Kernel/Source/Lib/String.c

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#include <Lib/String.h>
+#include <Lib/VAArgs.h>
+
+static void BufferAdd(ASCII* buffer, Size bufferSize, Size* written, ASCII character) {
+    if (*written + 1 < bufferSize) {
+        buffer[*written] = character;
+    }
+    (*written)++;
+}
+
+void* StringSet(BytePointer destination, ASCII value, Size count) {
+    BytePointer savedDestination = destination;
+    while (count--) {
+        *destination++ = (UInt8) value;
+    }
+    return savedDestination;
+}
+
+void* MemoryCopy(void* destination, const void* source, Size count) {
+    BytePointer destinationBuffer = (BytePointer) destination;
+    const UInt8* sourceBuffer = (const UInt8*) source;
+
+    while (count >= 8) {
+        *(UInt64*) destinationBuffer = *(const UInt64*) sourceBuffer;
+        destinationBuffer += 8;
+        sourceBuffer += 8;
+        count -= 8;
+    }
+
+    while (count > 0) {
+        *destinationBuffer++ = *sourceBuffer++;
+        count--;
+    }
+
+    return destination;
+}
+
+Int32 StringCompare(const ASCII* firstString, const ASCII* secondString) {
+    while (*firstString && (*firstString == *secondString)) {
+        firstString++;
+        secondString++;
+    }
+    return *(const UInt8*) firstString - *(const UInt8*) secondString;
+}
+
+Int32 StringCompareWithLimit(const ASCII* firstString, const ASCII* secondString, Size limit) {
+    while (limit > 0) {
+        if (*firstString != *secondString) return *(const UInt8*) firstString - *(const UInt8*) secondString;
+        if (*firstString == '\0') return 0;
+        firstString++;
+        secondString++;
+        limit--;
+    }
+    
+    return 0;
+}
+
+ASCII* StringCopy(ASCII* destination, const ASCII* source) {
+    ASCII* saved = destination;
+    while (*source) *destination++ = *source++;
+    *destination = 0;
+    return saved;
+}
+
+ASCII* StringCopyWithLimit(ASCII* destination, const ASCII* source, Size limit) {
+    ASCII* saved = destination;
+    while (*source && limit > 0) {
+        *destination++ = *source++;
+        limit--;
+    }
+    while (limit > 0) {
+        *destination++ = 0;
+        limit--;
+    }
+    return saved;
+}
+
+Size StringGetLength(const ASCII* string) {
+    Size result = 0;
+    for (result = 0; string[result]; result++);
+    return result;
+}
+
+const ASCII* StringFindLastOccurrenceOfCharacter(const ASCII* string, ASCII separator) {
+    const ASCII* lastSeparator = 0;
+    do {
+        if (*string == separator) lastSeparator = string;
+    } while (*string++);
+
+    return lastSeparator;
+}
+
+Int32 StringFormatVariadic(ASCII* string, Size size, const ASCII* format, va_list args) {
+    Size written = 0;
+    for (Size i = 0; format[i] != '\0'; i++) {
+        if (format[i] == '%') {
+            i++;
+            if (format[i] == '\0') break;
+            switch (format[i]) {
+                case 's': {
+                    const ASCII* vaArgString = va_arg(args, const ASCII*);
+                    if (!vaArgString) vaArgString = "(null)";
+                    while (*vaArgString) BufferAdd(string, size, &written, *vaArgString++);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 'c': {
+                    ASCII character = (ASCII)va_arg(args, Int);
+                    BufferAdd(string, size, &written, character);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 'd': {
+                    Int64 number = va_arg(args, Int);
+                    if (number < 0) {
+                        BufferAdd(string, size, &written, '-');
+                        number = -number;
+                    }
+
+                    UInt64 unsignedNumber = (UInt64)number;
+                    ASCII tempBuffer[32];
+                    Size position = 0;
+
+                    if (unsignedNumber == 0) tempBuffer[position++] = '0';
+                    while (unsignedNumber > 0) {
+                        tempBuffer[position++] = (ASCII)((unsignedNumber % 10) + '0');
+                        unsignedNumber /= 10;
+                    }
+
+                    while (position > 0) BufferAdd(string, size, &written, tempBuffer[--position]);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 'x':
+                case 'X': {
+                    UInt64 unsignedNumber = va_arg(args, UInt64);
+                    UInt8 padding = (format[i] == 'X') ? 16 : 0;
+
+                    ASCII tempBuffer[32];
+                    Size position = 0;
+                    static const ASCII kHexDigits[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+
+                    if (unsignedNumber == 0 && padding == 0) tempBuffer[position++] = '0';
+                    while (unsignedNumber > 0) {
+                        tempBuffer[position++] = kHexDigits[unsignedNumber % 16];
+                        unsignedNumber /= 16;
+                    }
+
+                    while (position < (Size)padding) tempBuffer[position++] = '0';
+                    while (position > 0) BufferAdd(string, size, &written, tempBuffer[--position]);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case '%': {
+                    BufferAdd(string, size, &written, '%');
+                    break;
+                }
+                default: {
+                    BufferAdd(string, size, &written, '%');
+                    BufferAdd(string, size, &written, format[i]);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            BufferAdd(string, size, &written, format[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (size > 0) {
+        if (written < size) string[written] = '\0';
+        else string[size - 1] = '\0';
+    }
+
+    return (Int32)written;
+}
+
+Int32 StringFormat(ASCII* destination, UInt64 size, const ASCII* format, ...) {
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, format);
+    Int32 returnValue = StringFormatVariadic(destination, size, format, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    return returnValue;
+}

Kernel/Source/OS/Log.c

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#include <OS/Log.h>
+#include <Lib/String.h>
+#include <Lib/VAArgs.h>
+#include <IO/Serial.h>
+
+void OSLog(const ASCII* format, ...) {
+    ASCII buffer[kOSLogBufferSize];
+   
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, format);
+    StringFormatVariadic(buffer, kOSLogBufferSize, format, args);
+    va_end(args);
+
+    IOSerialPutString(buffer);
+}

Kernel/Source/OS/Panic.c

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#include <OS/Panic.h>
+#include <OS/Log.h>
+#include <Arch/CPU.h>
+
+static const ASCII* GetExceptionClassString(UInt32 class) {
+    switch (class) {
+        case 0x00: return "Unknown reason";
+        case 0x01: return "Trapped WFI | WFE instruction";
+        case 0x07: return "Trapped SIMD | FP instruction";
+        case 0x11: return "SVC from EL1";
+        case 0x15: return "SVC from EL0";
+        case 0x20: return "Instruction abort (LoEL)"; // User Execute Fault
+        case 0x21: return "Instruction abort (CurrEL)"; // Kernel Execute Fault
+        case 0x22: return "PC Alignment Fault"; // Jumped to a misaligned address
+        case 0x24: return "Data abort (LoEL)"; // User Memory Fault
+        case 0x25: return "Data abort (CurrEL)"; // Kernel Memory Fault
+        case 0x26: return "SP Alignment Fault"; // SP must be 16-byte aligned
+        case 0x3C: return "Breakpoint";
+        default: return "Reserved";
+    }
+}
+
+static void PrintSeparator() {
+    OSLog("--------------------------------\n");
+}
+
+
+__attribute__((noreturn)) void OSPanicException(ExceptionsContext* frame) {
+    UInt32 esr = frame->esr_el1;
+    UInt32 class = (esr >> 26) & 0x3F; // Exception class (Bits 31:26)
+    UInt32 length = (esr >> 25) & 0x1; // Instruction length (Bit 25)
+    UInt32 syndrome = esr & 0x1FFFFFF; // Syndrome (Bits 24:0)
+
+    PrintSeparator();
+    OSLog("Kernel Panic! :(\n");
+    PrintSeparator();
+    OSLog("CPU Exception: %s (%d)\n", GetExceptionClassString(class), class);
+    OSLog("ESR_EL1 (Syndrome): 0x%x (%d)\n", esr, syndrome);
+    OSLog("Instruction pointer: 0x%x (%s)\n", frame->elr_el1, length ? "32-bit" : "64-bit");
+    OSLog("CPU status: 0x%x\n", frame->spsr_el1);
+
+    if (class == 0x25 || class == 0x24 || class == 0x20 || class == 0x21 ) {
+        PrintSeparator();
+        OSLog("Memory abort helper:\n");
+        PrintSeparator();
+
+        UInt64 far = CPUGetFAR();
+        OSLog("Faulting address: 0x%x\n", far);
+
+        UInt32 wnr = (syndrome >> 6) & 0x1;
+        if (class == 0x24 || class == 0x25) {
+            OSLog("[W] Caused by %s\n", wnr ? "WRITE" : "READ");
+        } else {
+            OSLog("[T] Tried to execute code from NX/Invalid memory\n");
+        }
+
+
+        UInt32 dfsc = syndrome & 0x3F;
+        switch (dfsc & 0b111100) {
+            case 0b000000: OSLog("[P] Reason: Address size fault (Bad pointer format)\n"); break;
+            case 0b000100: OSLog("[P] Reason: Translation fault\n"); break;
+            case 0b001100: OSLog("[P] Reason: Permission fault (Page protection violation)\n"); break;
+            case 0b010000: OSLog("[P] Reason: Synchronous external abort\n"); break;
+            case 0b100000: OSLog("[P] Reason: Alignment fault\n"); break;
+            default:       OSLog("[P] Reason: Unknown fault code (0x%X)\n", dfsc); break;
+        }
+    }
+    PrintSeparator();
+    OSLog("Registers:\n");
+    PrintSeparator();
+    OSLog("x0 = 0x%X; x1 = 0x%X\n", frame->x0, frame->x1);
+    OSLog("x2 = 0x%X; x3 = 0x%X\n", frame->x2, frame->x3);
+    OSLog("x4 = 0x%X; x5 = 0x%X\n", frame->x4, frame->x5);
+    OSLog("x6 = 0x%X; x7 = 0x%X\n", frame->x6, frame->x7);
+    OSLog("x8 = 0x%X; x9 = 0x%X\n", frame->x8, frame->x9);
+    OSLog("x10 = 0x%X; x11 = 0x%X\n", frame->x10, frame->x11);
+    OSLog("x12 = 0x%X; x13 = 0x%X\n", frame->x12, frame->x13);
+    OSLog("x14 = 0x%X; x15 = 0x%X\n", frame->x14, frame->x15);
+    OSLog("x16 = 0x%X; x17 = 0x%X\n", frame->x16, frame->x17);
+    OSLog("x18 = 0x%X; x19 = 0x%X\n", frame->x18, frame->x19);
+    OSLog("x20 = 0x%X; x21 = 0x%X\n", frame->x20, frame->x21);
+    OSLog("x22 = 0x%X; x23 = 0x%X\n", frame->x22, frame->x23);
+    OSLog("x24 = 0x%X; x25 = 0x%X\n", frame->x24, frame->x25);
+    OSLog("x26 = 0x%X; x27 = 0x%X\n", frame->x26, frame->x27);
+    OSLog("\t\tx28 = 0x%X\n", frame->x28);
+    OSLog("FP = 0x%X; LR = 0x%X\n", frame->x29, frame->x30);
+    PrintSeparator();
+
+    OSLog("System halted.\n");
+
+    while (1) {
+        CPUDisableInterrupts();
+        CPUWaitForInterrupt();
+    }
+}

Kernel/Source/Support/BridgingHeader.h

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#include "bootinfo.h"
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-static inline void mmio_write32(uintptr_t addr, uint32_t val) {
-    *(volatile uint32_t *)addr = val;
-}
-
-static inline uint32_t mmio_read32(uintptr_t addr) {
-    return *(volatile uint32_t *)addr;
-}

Kernel/Source/Support/stubs.c

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-void* memmove(void* dest, const void* src, unsigned long n) {
-    unsigned char* d = (unsigned char*)dest;
-    const unsigned char* s = (const unsigned char*)src;
-    if (d < s) {
-        while (n--) *d++ = *s++;
-    } else {
-        d += n; s += n;
-        while (n--) *--d = *--s;
-    }
-    return dest;
-}
-
-void* memcpy(void* dest, const void* src, unsigned long n) {
-    return memmove(dest, src, n);
-}
-
-void* memset(void* dest, int c, unsigned long n) {
-    unsigned char* d = (unsigned char*)dest;
-    while (n--) *d++ = (unsigned char)c;
-    return dest;
-}
-
-// Stack protection
-long __stack_chk_guard = (long)0xDEADBEEFCAFEBABEULL;
-void __stack_chk_fail(void) { while (1); }
-
-// Swift runtime allocator stubs — should never be called in embedded mode
-int posix_memalign(void** ptr, unsigned long align, unsigned long size) {
-    (void)ptr; (void)align; (void)size;
-    while (1);
-}
-
-void free(void* ptr) { (void)ptr; }
-
-// Swift stdlib uses arc4random_buf for Hasher seed — stub with zeroes in bare-metal
-void arc4random_buf(void* buf, unsigned long nbytes) {
-    unsigned char* b = (unsigned char*)buf;
-    while (nbytes--) *b++ = 0;
-}

Kernel/Source/kernel.swift

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-@_cdecl("kmain")
-public func kernelMain(_ bootInfo: UnsafeMutablePointer<Bootinfo>) {
-    kprint("Test nya")
-}

Kernel/cmake/aarch64-bare.cmake

@@ -3,26 +3,53 @@ set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR aarch64)
 set(CMAKE_TRY_COMPILE_TARGET_TYPE STATIC_LIBRARY)
 
 if(NOT LLVM_BIN)
-    if(APPLE)
+    find_program(_CLANG
+        NAMES clang
+        HINTS
+            /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin
+            /usr/local/opt/llvm/bin
+    )
+
+    if(NOT _CLANG AND APPLE)
         execute_process(
             COMMAND brew --prefix llvm
             OUTPUT_VARIABLE LLVM_PREFIX
             OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
+            ERROR_QUIET
+            RESULT_VARIABLE BREW_PREFIX_RESULT
         )
-        set(LLVM_BIN "${LLVM_PREFIX}/bin")
+        if(BREW_PREFIX_RESULT EQUAL 0 AND EXISTS "${LLVM_PREFIX}/bin/clang")
-    else()
+            set(_CLANG "${LLVM_PREFIX}/bin/clang")
-        find_program(_CLANG clang)
-        if(NOT _CLANG)
-            message(FATAL_ERROR "clang not found.")
         endif()
-        get_filename_component(LLVM_BIN "${_CLANG}" DIRECTORY)
     endif()
+
+    if(NOT _CLANG)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "clang not found. Set LLVM_BIN or add clang to PATH.")
+    endif()
+
+    get_filename_component(LLVM_BIN "${_CLANG}" DIRECTORY)
 endif()
 
 set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER   "${LLVM_BIN}/clang")
 set(CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER "${LLVM_BIN}/clang")
-set(LLVM_OBJCOPY       "${LLVM_BIN}/llvm-objcopy")
 
 set(TARGET_TRIPLE aarch64-none-elf)
 set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_TARGET   ${TARGET_TRIPLE})
 set(CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER_TARGET ${TARGET_TRIPLE})
+
+if(APPLE)
+    find_program(TERMOS_LD_LLD NAMES ld.lld HINTS /usr/local/bin /opt/homebrew/bin REQUIRED)
+    set(CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS "")
+    set(CMAKE_C_LINK_EXECUTABLE
+        "${TERMOS_LD_LLD} <CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS> <LINK_FLAGS> <OBJECTS> -o <TARGET> <LINK_LIBRARIES>")
+endif()
+
+find_program(LLVM_OBJCOPY NAMES llvm-objcopy objcopy
+    HINTS
+        "${LLVM_BIN}"
+        /usr/local/opt/llvm/bin
+        /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin
+        /usr/local/bin
+        /opt/homebrew/bin
+    REQUIRED
+)

Kernel/justfile

@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@ build:
 
     cmake --build {{TEMP_DIR}}/Kernel
 
-    cp {{TEMP_DIR}}/Kernel/kernel.bin {{BUILD_DIR}}/Kernel/ksOSKernel.bin
+    cp {{TEMP_DIR}}/Kernel/Kernel.bin {{BUILD_DIR}}/Kernel/ksOSKernel.bin
     @echo "✅ Kernel ready at: {{BUILD_DIR}}/Kernel/ksOSKernel.bin"
 
 clean:
-    rm -rf {{TEMP_DIR}}/Kernel
+    rm -rf {{TEMP_DIR}}/Kernel
+    rm -f compile_commands.json

justfile

@@ -86,4 +86,8 @@ _prep:
     just run
 
 @clean:
+    just Bootloader clean
+    just Kernel clean
     rm -rf {{BUILD_DIR}}
+    rm -f compile_commands.json
+    rm -f ide-swift-toolchain.txt